Varicocele

Varicocele is a vascular condition characterized by the abnormal dilation, elongation, and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. It can lead to pain, discomfort, and impaired testicular function, and is one of the common causes of male infertility. Varicocele is most prevalent in young and middle-aged men, with an incidence rate of 10% to 15%. Clinically, left-sided varicocele is the most common, accounting for approximately 77% to 92% of cases, while bilateral varicocele accounts for about 10%, and isolated right-sided varicocele is even rarer. According to its etiology, it can be classified into primary and secondary types.