Pulmonary valve insufficiency

Pulmonary regurgitation refers to the inability of the pulmonary valve to close properly due to organic or functional damage, leading to blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during ventricular diastole, causing hemodynamic disturbances. This condition often co-occurs with other cardiovascular diseases, especially in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Isolated congenital pulmonary regurgitation is rare. In the early stages, this condition often presents with no specific symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms of right heart failure may appear, such as bilateral lower extremity edema, abdominal distension, and dyspnea.