Hydatidiform mole

Hydatidiform mole is a relatively rare pregnancy complication, primarily characterized by abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblasts and stromal edema after conception, forming fluid-filled vesicles of varying sizes. These vesicles are connected by stalks, resembling a cluster of grapes, hence commonly known as "grape mole." The typical symptom is vaginal bleeding after amenorrhea. Based on chromosomal karyotype, pathological features, and clinical manifestations, hydatidiform mole can be divided into two types: Complete hydatidiform mole: There is no fetus or embryonic tissue in the uterine cavity, which is entirely filled with vesicular tissue. Partial hydatidiform mole: Fetal or embryonic tissue is present in the uterine cavity, and only a portion of the villi are vesicular, meaning the fetus and the hydatidiform mole coexist. The fetus is often deceased; sometimes, a live fetus or malformed fetus smaller than the gestational age may be observed, and full-term births are extremely rare.