Fetal congenital malformation

Fetal congenital malformations refer to abnormalities in the morphology of a certain structure or organ of the fetus during its development. Common fetal malformations include anencephaly, hydrocephalus, open spina bifida, cleft lip, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, and Down syndrome (Trisomy 21). When fetal malformations occur, the mother usually has no subjective symptoms. The vast majority of fetal malformations can be detected by prenatal ultrasound examination.