Abnormal fetal position

The normal fetal position is the occiput anterior position, meaning the fetal long axis is parallel to the mother's long axis, the fetal head is at the pelvic inlet, flexed with the chin close to the chest, the spine slightly curved forward, and the limbs flexed and crossed in front of the chest and abdomen, forming an oval shape. Any other position is considered an abnormal fetal presentation, including cephalic dystocia (persistent occiput transverse, persistent occiput posterior, high straight head, anterior asynclitism, face presentation, compound presentation), breech presentation, and shoulder presentation.