Fetal macrosomia

Macrosomia, also known as large for gestational age, refers to a fetus with a birth weight of ≥4000g. The occurrence of macrosomia is a result of multiple factors, including maternal overnutrition, reduced physical activity, coexisting diabetes, and genetic factors. With the rapid economic development in recent years and the improvement of living standards, the average birth weight of newborns has increased, and the incidence of macrosomia is also on the rise. Macrosomia not only increases the difficulty of vaginal delivery, leading to various complications for the mother such as postpartum hemorrhage, infection, and perineal laceration, but also causes injuries to the infant during delivery.