Tuberculous meningitis in children

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), or "TB meningitis," is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis invading the central nervous system, primarily damaging the brain parenchyma or meninges. Pediatric tuberculous meningitis is the most severe type of tuberculosis in children, with high mortality and neurological sequelae. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving prognosis. It often occurs within 1 year after primary tuberculosis infection, especially within 3 to 6 months of initial infection. It is most common in infants and young children under 3 years old, accounting for approximately 60% of cases.