Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a syndrome characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. It commonly affects infants and school-aged children, and its onset may present with symptoms of gastroenteritis, diarrhea, or upper respiratory tract infection. HUS is divided into two types: typical and atypical: Typical HUS: Accounts for 90% of cases and is associated with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria (such as pathogenic E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae). It often presents with gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, hence it is also known as diarrhea-associated HUS. Atypical HUS: Accounts for approximately 10% of cases. Its etiology is unknown, and it does not present with diarrhea. It may be associated with bacterial infections, medications, or other diseases.