Congenital esophageal atresia

Congenital esophageal atresia is a severe developmental anomaly of the digestive tract in the neonatal period. This condition is not uncommon clinically, with no gender difference in incidence. It mainly manifests as symptoms such as vomiting, cyanosis, choking, and respiratory distress when the infant feeds. 50% to 70% of children with this condition have other congenital malformations, with cardiac malformations being the most common. It can be classified into types I, II, III, IV, and V based on the site of atresia and whether it is accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula.