Congenital knee deformity

The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the human body, composed of the lower end of the femur, the upper end of the tibia, and the patella anteriorly. Its primary movements are flexion and extension, with slight rotational activity in a semi-flexed position. Congenital knee deformities refer to structural and functional changes in the knee joint that occur during fetal development. These mainly include varus deformity, valgus deformity, and genu recurvatum.