Spina bifida aperta

Open spina bifida can be mainly divided into myelomeningocele, myelocele, and meningocele. Meningocele refers to the protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the vertebral canal due to incomplete closure during fetal development. If the meninges, spinal cord, and/or spinal nerves protrude together, it is called myelomeningocele. The main symptoms include a localized cystic mass on the back or sacrococcygeal region after birth, as well as paralysis of both lower limbs, incontinence, clubfoot, and atrophy and numbness of both lower limbs.