Central serous chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), often referred to as "central serous retinopathy," is generally understood as a condition where damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leads to serous exudation in the surrounding area, resulting in retinal detachment. CSC has a high incidence in China and is one of the most common fundus diseases. It is a self-limiting disease, with most cases resolving spontaneously within 3 to 6 months. However, it is prone to recurrence, and repeated episodes can lead to irreversible visual impairment. It can be divided into the following two types: Acute CSC: Most acute cases of CSC spontaneously improve within 3 to 6 months, and visual acuity often returns to normal. However, some visual function changes, such as metamorphopsia, decreased contrast sensitivity, and abnormal color vision, may persist. Chronic CSC: A small number of cases have a protracted course lasting more than 6 months. When there is diffuse RPE decompensation in the affected area, it is defined as chronic CSC. The lesions are often more severe and are frequently associated with permanent vision loss. This disease predominantly affects young and middle-aged men, with an onset age of 20 to 45 years and a peak incidence around 40 years of age. The main symptoms include decreased central vision, potential blind spots or shadows in the central visual field, and objects may appear distorted or smaller than they actually are.