Orbital disease

Orbital diseases are mainly divided into two categories based on their location: orbital wall lesions and orbital content lesions. The main lesions involved include the following: Neoplastic lesions: Cavernous hemangioma and lymphangioma originating from blood and lymphatic vessels. Neurofibroma and schwannoma originating from peripheral nerves. Optic nerve glioma and meningioma originating from the optic nerve and its sheath. Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma and lacrimal gland carcinoma originating from the lacrimal gland. In addition, there are cysts, sarcomas, lymphomas, and metastatic cancers. Inflammatory lesions: Infectious lesions: orbital cellulitis, abscess. Non-infectious inflammatory lesions: inflammatory pseudotumor, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Congenital anomalies: dermoid cyst or epidermoid cyst, orbital bone developmental malformation, etc. Vascular lesions: vascular malformations, varicose veins, etc. Orbital trauma: orbital wall fracture, intraorbital foreign body, hemorrhage, etc. The main symptoms include proptosis, fundus edema, hemorrhage, and blurred vision.