Apical periodontitis

Periapical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the periapical tissues (including the cementum at the apex of the tooth root, the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone). It is mainly characterized by pain, pain when biting, gingival swelling (bulge), and gingival sinus tract (pus discharge). Periapical periodontitis can be divided into acute periapical periodontitis and chronic periapical periodontitis. Acute periapical periodontitis includes: acute serous periapical periodontitis (serous stage), acute suppurative periapical periodontitis (periapical abscess stage, subperiosteal abscess stage, submucosal abscess stage). Chronic periapical periodontitis includes: periapical granuloma, chronic periapical abscess, periapical cyst, and periapical condensing osteitis.