Autonomic nervous system diseases

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a component of the peripheral nervous system with specialized physiological functions. It primarily innervates internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, playing a crucial role in maintaining both voluntary and involuntary activities of the human body. Its activities are involuntary and unconscious, hence it is also known as the involuntary nervous system. Autonomic nervous system disorders represent a relatively underdeveloped area within neurology, with insufficient basic and clinical research. The etiology and pathology of many autonomic disorders are poorly understood, and consequently, a universally accepted, comprehensive, and complete classification system has yet to be established. Common disorders include vasovagal syncope, Raynaud's disease, erythromelalgia (also known as acroerythrosis), and neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.