Neuromyelitis optica

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the optic nerves (optic neuritis) and spinal cord (myelitis). This disease predominantly affects women. If not treated promptly and regularly, it carries a high risk of relapse and disability, potentially leading to severe sequelae such as significant vision impairment and lifelong paralysis. It can occur at any age, but is more common in young and middle-aged adults, with an average age of onset of 39 years.