Hyperkalemia

Potassium is one of the most important cations in the body. Its main physiological functions include maintaining cell metabolism, regulating osmotic pressure and acid-base balance, and playing an important role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of nerve and muscle cells. Hyperkalemia is a pathological condition characterized by a serum potassium concentration higher than 5.5 mmol/L, mainly caused by impaired renal function, excessive potassium intake, or the use of certain medications. Patients mainly present with muscle weakness, paralysis, and decreased myocardial contractility. In severe cases, it can lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, and the electrocardiogram may also show specific abnormalities.