Constipation

Constipation is a condition characterized by reduced frequency of bowel movements, decreased stool volume, hard stools, and straining during defecation. It can occur in various acute and chronic diseases. Constipation can be classified based on the presence of organic lesions: Organic constipation: Refers to constipation caused by intestinal diseases such as rectal or anal lesions, extra-intestinal diseases such as those affecting the neuropsychiatric or endocrine systems, or the use of certain constipation-inducing medications. Functional constipation: There are no organic lesions in the organs. It refers to constipation mainly caused by poor lifestyle habits, such as defecation habits, dietary habits, and mental stress. Based on different pathophysiological mechanisms, it can be classified as: Defecatory disorders: Refers to the accumulation of stool in the rectum due to pelvic floor dysfunction or discoordinated pelvic floor muscle movement, preventing its smooth expulsion from the anus. Slow-transit constipation: Refers to the slower-than-normal movement of intestinal contents from the proximal colon to the distal colon and rectum. Mixed constipation: Possesses the causes and characteristics of both of the above types.