Uremia

Uremia is the end-stage of acute and chronic renal failure, generally referring to stage 5 chronic kidney disease. At this stage, the patient's kidneys can no longer function normally, leading to a large accumulation of metabolic end-products and toxic substances in the body, as well as severe disturbances in water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, and certain endocrine dysfunctions. This results in a series of clinical manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia.