IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy is a primary glomerular disease characterized by IgA (immunoglobulin A) deposition or predominant IgA deposition in the mesangial area of the glomeruli on renal biopsy, leading to a series of manifestations in patients. It is currently the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide and a significant cause of end-stage renal disease. It can occur at any age but is more common in males aged 20-30 years. The main symptoms of this disease are recurrent episodes of gross hematuria after infection, or microscopic hematuria observable under a microscope. Sometimes, it may be accompanied by varying degrees of foamy urine (proteinuria), and some patients may also experience severe hypertension or renal insufficiency.