Pyelonephritis

The urinary tract is divided into the upper and lower urinary tracts. The upper urinary tract includes the renal calyces, renal pelvis, and ureters, while the lower urinary tract includes the bladder and urethra. Inflammation of the renal pelvis due to infection is called pyelonephritis, which is a common upper urinary tract infection. The incidence of pyelonephritis is significantly higher in females than in males, especially among women of childbearing age, and it is also common in elderly women. The main symptoms include fever, chills, and lower back pain.