Proteinuria

Proteinuria refers to the presence of protein in the urine in amounts exceeding the normal range. Early-stage proteinuria cannot be detected by the naked eye and requires instrumental testing. As the protein content in the urine increases, patients may notice a large amount of persistent foam when urinating. However, it is important to note that foamy urine does not necessarily indicate proteinuria. The vast majority of proteinuria is caused by kidney disease or infection, leading to impaired kidney function. Some other systemic diseases or medications can also affect the kidneys and cause proteinuria, such as hypertension and diabetes. Additionally, certain extreme situations in daily life, such as severe dehydration, immense stress, or strenuous exercise, can also lead to proteinuria.