Renal tubular acidosis

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by metabolic acidosis and paradoxically alkaline urine. RTA is primarily classified into four types: type I (distal), type II (proximal), type III (mixed), and type IV (hyperkalemic). Type I is the most common in China. Type I RTA can occur at any age, with a predominance in individuals aged 20-40 years, especially women. Type II RTA is more common in male children. Type III RTA combines the susceptible populations of both type I and type II. Type IV RTA is more frequently observed in elderly individuals.