Acute leukemia

Acute leukemia is a disease characterized by the rapid proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells within a short period. Normal hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow undergo abnormal changes, and these altered cells, known as leukemia cells, proliferate extensively and accumulate in the bone marrow, suppressing the body's normal hematopoietic function. Based on the type of hematopoietic stem cells that undergo abnormal changes, acute leukemia can be divided into two types: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): This typically refers to myeloid cells originating from bone marrow tissue that fail to differentiate normally. These undifferentiated cells continuously accumulate in the bone marrow tissue, leading to the onset of the disease. It is more common in young and middle-aged adults. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): This is caused by the continuous accumulation of immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow. It is clinically less common than acute myeloid leukemia. The incidence of this disease is slightly higher in males than in females. The main symptoms include anemia, bleeding, and fever. Some patients present with skin lesions or bone and joint pain as their initial symptoms.