Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition where the body's immune system malfunctions, producing autoantibodies that accelerate red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) beyond the compensatory capacity of the bone marrow, leading to anemia. This disease is more common in young and middle-aged adults, with a higher incidence in females. The main symptoms include anemia and jaundice. In severe cases, shock (pale face, cold and clammy extremities) and altered mental status may occur. Based on the optimal temperature required for autoantibody binding to red blood cells, AIHA can be divided into two types: Warm antibody type: More common, with IgG as the primary antibody, most active at 37 degrees Celsius. Cold antibody type: Less common, with IgM as the primary antibody, most active at 0-5 degrees Celsius. Based on the presence or absence of underlying diseases, AIHA can be divided into two types: Primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia: No clear underlying disease. Secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Presence of an underlying disease.