COVID-19

Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, abbreviated as COVID-19, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. This disease was caused by multiple cases of "pneumonia of unknown cause" that occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On January 10, 2020, Wuhan completed the viral nucleic acid testing for this type of pneumonia, ultimately identifying the pathogen as a novel coronavirus. On February 7, 2020, the National Health Commission decided to temporarily name the disease "新型冠状病毒肺炎" (Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 22, 2020, the National Health Commission decided to revise the English name of "新型冠状病毒肺炎" to "COVID-19" to align with the WHO naming, while the Chinese name remained unchanged. Currently, the general population is susceptible to this disease. Initial symptoms after infection include fever, fatigue, and dry cough, gradually progressing to severe manifestations such as dyspnea. Some severe cases may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome or septic shock, even becoming life-threatening. Based on clinical manifestations, this disease can be classified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical types: Mild type: Mild clinical symptoms, with no pneumonia manifestations on imaging. Moderate type: Fever, respiratory symptoms, etc., with pneumonia manifestations found on imaging. Severe type: Adults meeting any of the following criteria are considered severe: shortness of breath, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min; oxygen saturation ≤93% at rest; arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ≤300 mmHg; progressive worsening of clinical symptoms, with lung imaging showing significant lesion progression >50% within 24-48 hours. Children meeting any of the following criteria are considered severe: persistent high fever for more than 3 days; shortness of breath at rest and normal temperature (<2 months old, respiratory rate ≥60 breaths/min; 2-12 months old, respiratory rate ≥50 breaths/min; 1-5 years old, respiratory rate ≥40 breaths/min; >5 years old, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min); oxygen saturation ≤93% at rest; presence of accessory breathing signs (nasal flaring, three-recession sign); lethargy, convulsions; refusal to eat or feeding difficulties, signs of dehydration. Critical type: Meeting any of the following criteria is considered critical: respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation; shock; co-occurrence of other organ dysfunction requiring ICU monitoring and treatment.