Shock

Shock refers to a series of symptoms caused by various pathogenic factors, such as trauma, infection, and allergies, which lead to a reduction in effective systemic circulating blood volume and insufficient blood in the microcirculation. This prevents oxygen and nutrients from being effectively transported to tissues and organs, and metabolic waste products from being removed, ultimately resulting in ischemia and hypoxia of tissue and organ cells. In the early stages of shock, patients experience thirst, pale skin and mucous membranes, and anxiety, but their consciousness remains relatively clear. As the condition progresses, symptoms such as altered mental status, decreased skin temperature, rapid heart rate, and reduced urine output begin to appear.