Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease caused by various etiologies (genetic causes being the most common). This disease is organic, involving abnormal cardiac mechanical activity and/or electrical dysfunction. Pathologically, it manifests as inappropriate ventricular dilation or hypertrophy, affecting the heart's systolic or diastolic function, and can ultimately lead to severe heart failure, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, or embolism. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into four categories: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. A portion of each category is hereditary. Additionally, there are some unclassifiable cardiomyopathies of unknown cause, such as left ventricular non-compaction. Secondary cardiomyopathy refers to cardiomyopathy that is part of a systemic disease, meaning myocardial disease caused by known reasons or occurring in other diseases, also known as specific cardiomyopathy.