Cholesteatoma

Cholesteatoma is a mass-like lesion composed of squamous epithelium, keratin, and a small amount of cholesterol crystals encased in fibrous connective tissue. It is also known as an epidermoid cyst or pearly tumor. Based on its location, it can be classified into external auditory canal cholesteatoma, middle ear cholesteatoma, and intracranial cholesteatoma. Middle ear cholesteatoma has a higher prevalence in males than females, with no significant difference in prevalence between adults and children. External auditory canal cholesteatoma is rare, with a lower incidence than middle ear cholesteatoma, similar incidence rates between sexes, and is more common in adults over 30 years old. Intracranial cholesteatoma is a common cystic tumor of the central nervous system. Symptoms vary depending on the tumor's location. However, typical symptoms include tinnitus, hearing loss, ear pain, and ear discharge. It may also be accompanied by trigeminal neuralgia and facial paralysis.