Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease and a relatively common heart developmental anomaly. It is characterized by four main cardiac structural defects: right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis), hence the name Tetralogy of Fallot. The incidence rate in infants and young children is approximately 0.2‰. Without treatment, most affected children die during infancy, with very few surviving to 30 years of age. After surgical correction, most children can lead normal lives.