Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a type of congenital heart disease. It is characterized by pulmonary veins not draining into the left atrium, but instead connecting to the right atrium or large vessels of the systemic circulation. This condition can occur in isolation, but is often associated with other cardiac malformations such as atrial septal defect. Clinically, it can be divided into partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The main symptoms include palpitations, fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, dyspnea, developmental delay, and cyanosis.