Pentalogy of Fallot

Pentalogy of Fallot is a severe and complex cyanotic congenital heart disease that affects children's physical development and can even be life-threatening. It is characterized by five main cardiac structural abnormalities: right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis), and patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, hence the name Pentalogy of Fallot. It can manifest as cyanosis, squatting spells, and dyspnea.