Birthmark

Birthmarks generally refer to skin surface abnormalities in shape and color that appear at birth or shortly after. They usually grow slowly and do not cause obvious discomfort such as pain or itching. They are mostly caused by vascular malformations or abnormal pigment formation. This condition presents in various forms, commonly seen on the back, sacral region, and buttocks of children, and less frequently on the limbs. It can also appear on the head and face, varying in shape and size. The color depth also varies, appearing yellow, brown, tan, blue, black, white, or red. Common birthmarks include salmon patches, Mongolian spots, café-au-lait spots, nevus of Ota, pigmented nevi (melanocytic nevi), nevus sebaceus, port-wine stains, capillary hemangiomas, and cavernous hemangiomas.