Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of inflammatory cells (chronic granulomas) that can affect various organs throughout the body, particularly the lungs. This disease commonly affects young and middle-aged adults. Clinical symptoms vary depending on the site of sarcoidosis involvement.
View detailsSleep apnea syndrome
Sleep apnea syndrome refers to the cessation of airflow through the mouth or nasal cavity for more than 10 seconds, occurring more than 30 times within 7 hours of nighttime sleep. This condition is relatively common and is more frequently observed in male patients.
View detailsRespiratory failure
Respiratory failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe impairment of pulmonary ventilation and/or gas exchange due to various causes. The body is unable to maintain adequate gas exchange, leading to hypoxia and/or carbon dioxide retention, and a series of physiological and metabolic disturbances. Main symptoms include dyspnea, cyanosis of the lips, somnolence, and respiratory arrest.
Acute upper respiratory infection
Acute upper respiratory tract infection is an acute inflammation of the nose, pharynx, and larynx caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. This disease is common in children. The main symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, coughing, sore throat, and fever.
View detailsCommon cold
The common cold typically refers to an upper respiratory tract infection (involving the nose, pharynx, and larynx) caused by a viral infection. This disease has a high incidence, with adults experiencing colds approximately 2-6 times per year, and children as many as 6-8 times. It often occurs during seasonal transitions and in winter and spring. Key symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, low-grade fever, cough, and headache.
View detailsPleurisy
The pleura is a thin membrane covering the inner surface of the chest wall and the organs within the thoracic cavity (such as the lungs and mediastinum). It consists of two layers, forming a closed cavity. Under normal conditions, a small amount of fluid exists in the space between the two pleural layers, acting as a lubricant during respiratory movements. When various pathogenic factors invade the pleura, leading to a series of inflammatory reactions, it is called pleurisy. Based on the inducing factors, pleurisy is classified into infectious pleurisy, neoplastic pleurisy, autoimmune disease-related pleurisy, and pleurisy caused by other etiologies.
View detailsPleural effusion
The pleura consists of two layers, covering the lung tissue and the chest wall, respectively. The space between these two layers forms the pleural cavity. Normally, the pleural cavity contains a small amount of fluid, which acts as a lubricant. Pleural effusion refers to the accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural cavity, mainly manifesting as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. There are many causes of pleural effusion. Various diseases affecting the lungs, pleura, and extrapulmonary organs can lead to pleural effusion, such as lung cancer, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and pleurisy.
View detailsPulmonary nodule
A pulmonary nodule refers to a soft tissue shadow with a diameter of ≤30 mm, surrounded by lung tissue, found on a chest X-ray or chest CT scan. Imaging shows that pulmonary nodules are round or oval, with clear or unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues. They can be single or multiple nodules. Nodules with a diameter of less than 5 mm are called pulmonary micronodules, those between 5 and 10 mm are called small pulmonary nodules, and those exceeding 30 mm are generally referred to as masses. Pulmonary nodules are common in middle-aged and elderly individuals. They are more frequently observed in long-term heavy smokers.
View detailsPulmonary tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the lungs. This disease is common in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV infection, diabetes, and the elderly. The main symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, fever, weight loss, and loss of appetite.
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