Internal MedicineEndocrinology
Thyroid disease
Thyroid disease
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Internal MedicineEndocrinology
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is a non-inflammatory condition affecting articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage. Common sites of involvement include the femoral head, tibial tuberosity, tarsal navicular bone, carpal lunate bone, and calcaneal apophysis. It primarily affects adolescents, presenting mainly with joint swelling and pain.
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Extrapyramidal diseases
Extrapyramidal diseases
Extrapyramidal diseases, also known as movement disorders, refer to impaired regulation of body movements during voluntary actions. They primarily manifest in two ways: one is hypokinesia due to increased muscle tone, characterized by poverty of movement (e.g., Parkinson's disease); the other is hyperkinesia due to decreased muscle tone (e.g., chorea). Symptoms vary among patients with different etiologies. For conditions primarily characterized by hypokinesia, the most common symptoms are limb tremor, limb rigidity, and abnormal gait. For conditions primarily characterized by hyperkinesia, the most common symptoms are dance-like involuntary movements and decreased muscle tone.