Surgery

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Skin tumor

Skin tumors are proliferative diseases of the skin cells, including those originating in the skin and metastatic skin tumors. Clinically, they are divided into two types: benign tumors and malignant tumors. Benign tumors: Generally, they only present with skin manifestations, do not metastasize, and are not life-threatening. Common examples include seborrheic keratosis, moles, and hemangiomas. They often occur in sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, and trunk skin, and are mostly round or oval in shape, generally without subjective discomfort. Malignant tumors: Also known as skin cancer. They can continuously proliferate, cause metastasis, and even be life-threatening. Common examples include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Paget's disease, malignant melanoma, and some cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (the most common being mycosis fungoides). They are mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation or ulceration. In the early stages, there may be no subjective symptoms. After ulceration or metastasis occurs, pain or symptoms in the corresponding area may be present.

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Surface tumor

A public condition summary is being prepared.

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Epicanthal folds

Epicanthal folds are vertical, crescent-shaped skin folds that cover the inner corner of the eye, making the inner canthal angle smaller than in individuals without epicanthal folds, thus affecting the aesthetic appearance of the eye. In children, epicanthal folds often improve spontaneously with age, gradually diminishing or even disappearing. In adults, or when epicanthal folds are caused by trauma, surgical treatment is required and can effectively alleviate the symptoms.

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Accessory breast

Accessory breast, also known as polymastia, supernumerary breasts, ectopic breast tissue, or aberrant breast tissue, refers to the presence of extra breast tissue in addition to the normal pair of breasts. Accessory breasts are commonly found in the armpit and anterior axillary region, but can also appear around the normal breasts, abdomen, groin, and other areas. This condition is a congenital developmental abnormality of the breast caused by the incomplete regression or failure of regression of primitive mammary tissue during fetal development. It can also occur in males.

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Paronychia

Paronychia is an inflammation of the nail fold and surrounding tissues, which are the skin folds along the sides of the fingernails or toenails. It often results from minor trauma to the periungual skin, such as tearing hangnails, nail biting, finger sucking, excessive nail trimming, or ingrown nails, leading to a breach in the normal skin barrier and subsequent microbial infection. Bacterial infections are the most common. Clinically, it presents as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the periungual tissue, and in severe cases, pus formation may occur.

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Pressure ulcer

Pressure ulcers are primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the local skin, leading to damage, ulceration, and even necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to ischemia and malnutrition. They commonly occur in individuals who are immobile due to illness or surgery, or who are bedridden or use wheelchairs for extended periods. The main manifestations include changes in the color of the compressed skin, blistering, ulceration, and even necrosis.

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Nevus of Ota

Nevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanocytosis, is a condition caused by excessive melanin deposition in the dermal layer of the skin. This condition is more common in people of color, such as Asians and Black individuals, and less common in Caucasians. It is more prevalent in females. The main symptom is the appearance of a bluish-brown mark on the skin at or after birth.

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Freckles

Freckles are brown, punctate skin pigmentations that typically appear on the face, neck, chest, and arms. They become more prominent in summer due to strong sun exposure. Freckles are common and do not pose a threat to human health. Clinical statistics show a higher incidence in Caucasians with light or red hair.

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Skin tumor

Surface tumor

Plastic surgery

Epicanthal folds

Accessory breast

Paronychia

Pressure ulcer

Nevus of Ota

Freckles