Disease Database

SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Pancreatic ultrasound

Pancreatic ultrasound is an examination that uses ultrasound equipment to evaluate the pancreas and its adjacent organ structures, with corresponding interventions taken if necessary. Based on the examination method and equipment, pancreatic ultrasound can be broadly divided into the following types: Transabdominal Ultrasound: This is the most commonly used method due to its non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness. In most cases, the information obtained from transabdominal ultrasound is sufficient for diagnosing diseases. However, for patients who are morbidly obese, have thick abdominal walls, or are uncooperative, the examination results may be compromised. Therefore, further examinations such as CT or MRI may be required. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): This examination is suitable for patients where non-invasive imaging examinations such as transabdominal ultrasound, CT, or MRI cannot provide sufficient and effective information, where the diagnosis is uncertain, or where there is a simultaneous need for treatment or intervention. In EUS, the ultrasound signal penetrates the gastrointestinal wall to reach the pancreatic tissue directly, unlike transabdominal ultrasound which needs to pass through multiple layers such such as the abdominal wall, omentum, and gastrointestinal wall. This results in less interference, more comprehensive and accurate signal acquisition, and higher diagnostic value. Intraoperative Ultrasound: This examination has a narrower scope of application than the previous two and is generally used during surgical procedures for precise localization of lesions, guiding biopsies, designing ablation or surgical resection plans, assessing safety, and evaluating treatment efficacy. In addition to the above conventional examinations, for highly vascularized lesions, enhanced ultrasound examinations, also known as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, can be performed with the aid of special drugs (e.g., SonoVue). Due to disease characteristics and economic factors, the effectiveness of this examination method varies and it is not routinely recommended.

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Biliary tract infection

Biliary tract infection refers to a purulent infection of the biliary system (gallbladder and bile ducts). Depending on the site of infection, it is classified as cholecystitis or cholangitis. Depending on the onset, it is classified as acute biliary tract infection or chronic biliary tract infection. This disease is very common clinically and is a common, frequently occurring, and difficult-to-treat disease in surgery. It is mainly characterized by upper abdominal pain, jaundice, high fever, and chills.

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Hepatic angiosarcoma

Hepatic angiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor originating from the endothelial cells of liver blood vessels (which can form blood vessel walls), also known as hemangioendothelioma or Kupffer cell sarcoma. It is the most common type of sarcoma abroad, but only occasionally found in China. The average age of onset is 51.5 years, with a higher incidence in males than females, and a small number of cases occurring in children. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, and abdominal distension. Most patients present with hepatomegaly, ascites, and jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin).

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Extrahepatic choledocholithiasis

Extrahepatic bile duct stones are classified into primary and secondary bile duct stones. Primary stones form within the bile ducts, while secondary stones are gallbladder stones that have migrated to the common bile duct. This disease is common in people aged 30-50 years and is gradually affecting younger individuals. The main symptoms include abdominal pain, chills, high fever, and jaundice.

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Biliary obstruction

Biliary obstruction refers to a disease in which bile drainage is impaired or even completely blocked due to various causes. The incidence of this disease is relatively high, and it increases with age. Additionally, women are more susceptible to this disease than men. The main symptoms of this disease include abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, and chills. Among these, abdominal pain and jaundice are the most common symptoms. Fever and chills occur when the patient develops complications such as infection. Patients with biliary tumors may experience weight loss.

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Hepatic sarcoma

Hepatic sarcoma, also known as primary hepatic sarcoma, is a rare malignant tumor originating from the mesenchymal tissue of the liver. It mainly includes hepatic angiosarcoma and other primary hepatic sarcomas derived from mesenchymal tissue, with hepatic angiosarcoma being the most common. It is more prevalent in males and is frequently observed in children and the elderly.

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Biliary ascariasis

Ascariasis is the most common intestinal parasitic infection in humans. Biliary ascariasis refers to a series of clinical symptoms caused by Ascaris lumbricoides entering the bile duct due to factors such as hunger, decreased gastric acid, or improper deworming. The main symptom of this disease is sudden, severe abdominal pain.

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SurgeryHepatobiliary Surgery

Liver rupture

Liver rupture is caused by trauma such as violent impact, high-altitude falls, or penetrating abdominal injuries, leading to laceration or contusion of the liver parenchyma. It is a common abdominal injury, with right liver rupture being more common than left liver rupture. The main symptoms include abdominal pain, melena, hematemesis, and even shock.

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Pancreatic ultrasound

Polycystic liver disease

Biliary tract infection

Hepatic angiosarcoma

Extrahepatic choledocholithiasis

Biliary obstruction

Hepatic sarcoma

Biliary ascariasis

Liver rupture