Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Urethral fistula
A urethral fistula is an abnormal connection between the urethra and the body surface or other organs, including urethrocutaneous fistulas (opening to the skin), urethrovaginal fistulas (opening to the vagina), and urethrorectal fistulas (opening to the rectum). Based on the cause, they can be classified into congenital and acquired types. The main symptom is the discharge of urine from the fistula opening.
View detailsBladder diverticulum
A bladder diverticulum is a sac-like protrusion of the bladder mucosa through a defect in the bladder wall muscle layer, caused by congenital weakness of a portion of the bladder wall muscle or increased intravesical pressure due to urinary tract obstruction. Bladder diverticula are generally asymptomatic. As the condition progresses, symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, incomplete emptying, two-stage urination, painless hematuria, urinary retention, constipation, and difficult labor may occur.
View detailsSolitary kidney
Normally, everyone has two kidneys. When one kidney develops abnormally during the embryonic stage, or one kidney is surgically removed, the body is left with only one functional kidney. This is known as a solitary kidney, or often referred to as a single kidney. Generally, patients with a solitary kidney have no symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during a physical examination.
Testicular atrophy
Testicular atrophy refers to the reduction in testicular volume and function, leading to decreased sperm count and reduced androgen levels in the body, which can result in infertility and decreased body hair.
View detailsCatecholaminosis
Catecholaminosis is a group of diseases caused by excessive secretion of catecholamines in the body due to pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma (similar to pheochromocytoma but located outside the adrenal glands), or adrenal medullary hyperplasia. The main symptom is hypertension, accompanied by sudden headaches, palpitations, dizziness, and other symptoms.
View detailsVesicoureteral reflux
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and renal pelvis during urination. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while severe cases often present with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and fever. This condition can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections and, if left untreated, may progress to chronic kidney failure.
View detailsCongenital malformations of the kidney
A public condition summary is being prepared.
View detailsPeyronie's disease
Peyronie's disease, also known as induratio penis plastica, is a common urological condition characterized by the formation of fibrous lesions or plaques in the tunica albuginea, leading to penile deformity. The reported prevalence ranges from 3% to 9%, and it is more common in middle-aged men, with a peak incidence at 55 years of age.
View detailsGenitourinary tuberculosis
Urinary tract tuberculosis is one of the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis diseases. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis invading the urinary system. Most of these diseases first occur in the kidneys and then develop downwards along the urinary tract.
View details