Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Neuritis
Neuritis, also known as peripheral neuropathy, refers to the inflammation, degeneration, or deterioration of peripheral nerves or nerve groups due to various causes. The symptoms of this disease vary depending on the cause, mainly including burning or painful numbness in the fingertips or toes, unsteady standing, soreness and numbness in the ankles, cold and pale skin in the extremities, flushing, or mild cyanosis.
View detailsCentral nervous system demyelinating diseases
Myelin is a structure that surrounds nerve axons, providing nutrition, support, protection, and assisting in nerve conduction. It is widely present in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Central nervous system demyelinating diseases refer to a series of diseases in which the myelin structure in the brain and spinal cord is destroyed due to various factors, forming demyelinating pathological changes, which in turn cause various symptoms and signs of central nervous system dysfunction. Central nervous system demyelinating diseases mainly include: Multiple Sclerosis (MS): The most common demyelinating disease. It is an autoimmune disease that can affect the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Women are more susceptible to this disease. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Most common in children, it is an acute-onset demyelinating disease with widespread inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. It can sometimes also affect the optic nerves (which can make the eyes controlled by the brain). Transverse Myelitis: A spinal cord disease that can cause systemic symptoms. The symptoms mainly depend on the spinal cord segments where myelin is missing. It mainly affects children and adults, with women being more common than men. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD): Demyelinating lesions affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is more common in young and middle-aged women. Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type I-associated Myelopathy: A disease caused by Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I). It is more common in people living near the equator. Balo's Disease (Concentric Sclerosis): Some doctors consider Balo's disease a rare form of multiple sclerosis. It is more common in Asians and Filipinos, with a higher incidence in adults than in children. Schilder's Disease: A rare disease characterized by the gradual disappearance of myelin in the brain and spinal cord. It is more common in boys aged 7 to 12. Most diseases in this group primarily affect young and middle-aged adults, with a higher prevalence in women. However, MOGAD and ADEM have a higher incidence in children, and the gender difference is not significant.
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy that primarily affects nerves innervating the face, limbs, and trunk. This disease is more common in young and middle-aged adults. The main symptoms include symmetrical weakness in the limbs, difficulty breathing, facial paralysis, and choking when drinking water.
View detailsPeripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is divided into two main categories: neuralgia and neuropathy. Common peripheral neuropathies include trigeminal neuralgia, idiopathic facial paralysis, multiple neuritis (peripheral neuritis), acute infectious polyradiculoneuritis, brachial plexus injury, ulnar nerve injury, radial nerve injury, median nerve injury, tibial nerve injury, common peroneal nerve injury, lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis, sciatica, intercostal neuralgia, etc.
View detailsAcute myelitis
Acute myelitis refers to an inflammatory reaction in certain segments of the spinal cord due to various causes, resulting in motor and sensory impairments in the body below that segment. Symptoms include pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, paresthesia, and urinary and fecal incontinence. Thoracic myelitis is the most common, especially at the T3-T5 segments. This condition can occur at any age and in either sex, but it is more common in young and middle-aged adults.
View detailsMOG antibody-associated disease
MOG stands for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, which is a component of myelin formed by oligodendrocytes. MOG-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is caused by abnormal immune responses leading to plasma cells secreting MOG antibodies (MOG-IgG), which then attack MOG, resulting in partial demyelination. This disease has a wide age range of onset, affecting individuals from infants under 1 year old to seniors aged 90. Some patients may have predisposing factors such as infection or vaccination before onset. Overall, the incidence is higher in children, with no significant gender difference. This is a demyelinating disease of the nervous system, and lesions can widely affect the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as optic neuritis, myelitis, meningoencephalitis, and brainstem encephalitis.
View detailsCerebral embolism
Cerebral embolism is a disease in which emboli from various sources block cerebral arteries with blood circulation, leading to ischemic necrosis of brain tissue in the affected supply area. It can occur at any age, and patients mainly present with symptoms of focal neurological deficits such as facial droop, speech impairment, convulsions, and coma.
View detailsCerebral thrombosis
Cerebral thrombosis is caused by various vascular wall lesions, leading to narrowing and occlusion of cerebral arteries, followed by thrombus formation. This results in reduced or interrupted local cerebral blood flow, and brain tissue necrosis due to ischemia and hypoxia. It commonly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals over 50 years old with underlying conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Symptoms often include hemiplegia, aphasia, facial droop, or altered consciousness.
View detailsCarbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning, commonly known as gas poisoning, is an acute hypoxic disease caused by inhaling high concentrations of carbon monoxide. According to the time of clinical manifestation, it can be divided into the following 2 types: Acute poisoning: Abnormal manifestations appear immediately after poisoning. The type and degree of abnormal manifestations are related to the severity of poisoning. Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome: Occurs 2 to 60 days after the recovery of consciousness from acute poisoning, mostly manifested as neurological and psychiatric dysfunction. This disease is common in people engaged in coal or petroleum mining, processing, storage, liquefied gas processing, transportation, storage, and other industries. The main manifestations are symptoms of cerebral hypoxia, such as dizziness and headache. In severe cases, it can lead to coma and death.
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