Public condition directory

Dermatology and Venereology

Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.

161 conditionsPage 16 of 18

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Surface tumor

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Paronychia

Paronychia is an inflammation of the nail fold and surrounding tissues, which are the skin folds along the sides of the fingernails or toenails. It often results from minor trauma to the periungual skin, such as tearing hangnails, nail biting, finger sucking, excessive nail trimming, or ingrown nails, leading to a breach in the normal skin barrier and subsequent microbial infection. Bacterial infections are the most common. Clinically, it presents as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the periungual tissue, and in severe cases, pus formation may occur.

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Nevus of Ota

Nevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanocytosis, is a condition caused by excessive melanin deposition in the dermal layer of the skin. This condition is more common in people of color, such as Asians and Black individuals, and less common in Caucasians. It is more prevalent in females. The main symptom is the appearance of a bluish-brown mark on the skin at or after birth.

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Freckles

Freckles are brown, punctate skin pigmentations that typically appear on the face, neck, chest, and arms. They become more prominent in summer due to strong sun exposure. Freckles are common and do not pose a threat to human health. Clinical statistics show a higher incidence in Caucasians with light or red hair.

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Bromhidrosis

Osmidrosis, also known as bromhidrosis, is a common skin condition characterized by an unpleasant odor resulting from the decomposition of secretions from the apocrine sweat glands (large sweat glands) in the armpits by skin bacteria. It is more noticeable in summer and after exercise. Osmidrosis itself does not directly harm the body; rather, it primarily affects the mental well-being of those afflicted. Due to the often unacceptable odor, individuals with osmidrosis frequently face social rejection. This psychological pressure tends to worsen over time, leading to severe feelings of inferiority, distorted personality and thinking, and significantly impacting daily work and study.

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Keloid

Keloid is a pathological scar tissue that results from skin trauma or forms spontaneously, characterized by excessive growth. The scar is elevated above the skin surface, firm and tough, appearing as nodules, cords, or sheets. Keloids often exhibit characteristics of benign tumors, with progressive growth that continuously invades surrounding normal tissues. They are typically accompanied by significant symptoms such as itching and stinging pain, which can severely impact the quality of life.

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Nevus

A nevus is a benign tumor formed by the local aggregation of melanocytes. It can occur on the skin and mucous membranes anywhere on the body, clinically presenting as skin surface growths of varying sizes, colors, and shapes. According to histological classification, nevi can be divided into: Junctional nevus: Localized nests of nevus cells are located at the dermal-epidermal junction. Compound nevus: Nests of nevus cells are found at both the dermal-epidermal junction and in the upper dermis. Intradermal nevus: Nests of nevus cells are located within the dermis, where multinucleated nevus cells may be seen.

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Scar

Scars, also known as cicatrices, are changes in the appearance of normal skin tissue caused by various injuries. According to their nature, scars can be divided into physiological scars and pathological scars. Physiological scars refer to scars that are flat locally after wound healing, without obvious proliferation or depression, and have no significant impact on local appearance and the patient's quality of life. Generally, no special treatment is required. Pathological scars can have obvious proliferation or depression, and may be accompanied by significant itching, stinging, and other discomforts. Pathological scars located in joints can lead to restricted joint movement and can seriously affect the patient's quality of life, requiring active treatment.

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SurgeryNeurosurgery

Neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder originating from neuroepithelial tissue, often affecting the central nervous system, and is a type of neurocutaneous syndrome. The incidence rate is approximately 1/2500 to 1/3000. It can occur at any age, with one-third of patients developing the disease before the age of 13. It is more common in males than females, and maternal inheritance is more frequent than paternal inheritance. Clinical classifications are as follows: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, classic neurofibromatosis): This is the most common type, accounting for over 90% of cases. Patients develop multiple neurofibromas, ranging from millimeters to several centimeters in size, along with numerous widely distributed café-au-lait spots and freckles. Neurological damage may also be present. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2, central or acoustic neurofibromatosis): Characterized by bilateral acoustic neuromas.

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