Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is a group of diseases characterized by bone marrow hematopoietic failure caused by various etiologies. It can occur at all ages, with a relatively higher incidence in young adults and the elderly. The main manifestations are anemia, bleeding, and infection.
View detailsAnemia
Anemia is not an independent disease. Strictly speaking, it refers to a state where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, leading to insufficient oxygen supply to tissues and tissue hypoxia. Generally, it refers to a common condition where the peripheral blood red cell volume is reduced, including hemoglobin content, red blood cell count, and hematocrit falling below the lower limit of the normal range. The diagnostic criteria for anemia in China are: at sea level, hemoglobin (Hb) < 120g/L for adult males; Hb < 110g/L for adult females (non-pregnant); and Hb < 100g/L for pregnant women.
View detailsLymphoma
Lymphoma is a malignant tumor originating from lymph nodes and lymphatic tissues, and can occur in any part of the body. Lymphoma is usually characterized by painless, progressive lymphadenopathy. It can also invade extranodal organs such as the nasopharynx, gastrointestinal tract, bones, and skin, causing damage to the corresponding organs, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats. According to pathological characteristics, lymphoma is mainly divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): The initial symptom is often lymphadenopathy, and the progression is relatively slow. This type of lymphoma responds well to treatment, and most patients can be cured after standardized treatment. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): Often involves extranodal lesions and progresses rapidly, except for indolent lymphomas. The most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in China is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system, commonly known as "blood cancer." It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of leukemic cells with proliferative and survival advantages within the bone marrow. These cells gradually replace normal bone marrow hematopoiesis, preventing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from being produced and functioning normally. This leads to a series of symptoms such as fever, infection, bleeding, and anemia, which can result in multiple organ dysfunction and even death. Based on the developmental stage of the leukemic cells, leukemia can be divided into acute and chronic types. Based on the type of leukemic cells, it can be divided into lymphocytic leukemia and myeloid leukemia. Accordingly, leukemia is primarily classified into four main subtypes: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
View detailsUrinalysis
Urinalysis is one of the "three major routine" medical laboratory tests and is the preferred test for the diagnosis, efficacy observation, and prognosis evaluation of urinary system diseases. It is also one of the screening tests for healthy individuals. Urinalysis can determine whether the levels of various components in the urine are abnormal, including urine color, urine pH, and the type and number of cells in the urine. When the following diseases are suspected, urinalysis is performed to assist in diagnosis: Chronic glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Acute kidney injury caused by various reasons Urinary tract infections Urinary system tumors Various secondary nephropathies, such as diabetic nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, etc. Diabetic ketoacidosis Preeclampsia, eclampsia Urinalysis is of great help in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of kidney diseases, especially nephrotic syndrome, acute kidney injury, and urinary tract infections.
View detailsKidney function
Kidney function tests are common and convenient examinations used to assess kidney function. The results help doctors make an initial judgment about whether the examinee has kidney-related diseases and their severity. They play a crucial role in diagnosing diseases, evaluating conditions, and guiding treatment. Kidney function tests are also typically included in routine physical examinations. Common indicators for kidney function tests include: serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum uric acid (UA), cystatin C (cys C), and serum β2-microglobulin.
View detailsThin basement membrane nephropathy
Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN), also known as benign familial hematuria or familial recurrent hematuria, is a hereditary kidney disease characterized by thinning of the glomerular basement membrane as the primary pathological change, often presenting in a familial pattern. Studies have shown that the incidence of TBMN in the general population can be as high as 5% to 9%, but the diagnostic rate is less than 1%.
View detailsFanconi syndrome
Fanconi syndrome, also known as Fanconi's syndrome, is a kidney disease caused by proximal renal tubule dysfunction. Its main characteristic is a complex functional defect in the proximal renal tubules, leading to the excretion of large amounts of useful substances such as glucose, bicarbonate, phosphate, uric acid, potassium, sodium, and amino acids in the urine. Fanconi syndrome can be divided into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary Fanconi syndrome further includes three types: infantile, adult, and idiopathic brush border deficiency.
View detailsRhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome caused by the destruction of skeletal muscle cells due to various etiologies, leading to the release of intracellular contents into the extracellular fluid and bloodstream. The typical presentation of rhabdomyolysis includes the triad of myalgia, muscle weakness, and tea-colored urine. Severe cases can lead to serious complications such as acute kidney injury, and may even be life-threatening.
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