Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis, or acute nephritis, is a group of kidney diseases characterized by an acute onset and the presence of acute nephritic syndrome (hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension). It is more common in children, with a slight male predominance, and the peak age is 2-6 years.
View detailsRapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), also known as crescentic glomerulonephritis, is a group of diseases characterized by acute nephritic syndrome, rapid deterioration of renal function, and often early onset of oligo-anuric acute renal failure. Pathologically, it is characterized by crescentic glomerulonephritis. It has an acute onset, manifesting as hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertension. Primary RPGN is classified into Type I anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, without pulmonary hemorrhage (idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis Type I); Type II immune complex disease (idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis Type II); and Type III anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated disease (idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis Type III).
View detailsPregnancy complicated by nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by various factors during pregnancy, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and significant edema. Severe gestational hypertension is a risk factor for this condition. It is important to note that women with severe nephrotic syndrome accompanied by renal insufficiency before pregnancy are not advised to conceive and should take contraceptive measures.
Gestational proteinuria
Gestational proteinuria refers to a condition in which pregnant women experience increased cardiac output and redistribution of systemic blood flow during pregnancy, leading to increased renal load and corresponding changes in renal physiological function. As a result, proteins are not reabsorbed by the kidneys and are excreted in the urine. Transient (occurring once for a short period) gestational proteinuria is often a physiological phenomenon, while persistent proteinuria reflects kidney damage and may be associated with kidney disease, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and other conditions. It can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and poor maternal prognosis. Therefore, pregnant women and their families should pay close attention to this condition.
View detailsNephrosclerosis
Nephrosclerosis, also known
View detailsNephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Normally, antidiuretic hormone is released into the bloodstream as needed, acting on the kidneys to concentrate urine and maintain normal urine output. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a disorder of urine concentration caused by reduced water reabsorption in the kidneys due to partial or complete insensitivity of the kidneys to antidiuretic hormone. The main symptoms include polydipsia, polyuria, nocturia, as well as unexplained weakness, lethargy, muscle pain, and irritability.
View detailsRenal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by metabolic acidosis and paradoxically alkaline urine. RTA is primarily classified into four types: type I (distal), type II (proximal), type III (mixed), and type IV (hyperkalemic). Type I is the most common in China. Type I RTA can occur at any age, with a predominance in individuals aged 20-40 years, especially women. Type II RTA is more common in male children. Type III RTA combines the susceptible populations of both type I and type II. Type IV RTA is more frequently observed in elderly individuals.
View detailsChildhood IgA nephropathy
Pediatric IgA nephropathy, also known as pediatric immunoglobulin A nephropathy, refers to a group of glomerular diseases characterized by mesangial proliferation and significant diffuse immunoglobulin A deposition in the mesangial area. This disease is more common in children, with a higher incidence in males than in females. Clinical manifestations are diverse and vary in severity. There is often a history of upper respiratory tract infection before onset, followed by gross hematuria and tonsil enlargement within a few hours, which are the most typical and main symptoms in the early stage of this disease.
View detailsChronic nephritis complicating pregnancy
Pregnancy with chronic glomerulonephritis refers to pregnant women who also suffer from chronic glomerulonephritis. It is a relatively common complication during pregnancy. The main symptoms include hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, edema, fatigue, loss of appetite, and anemia.
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