Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance
Water-electrolyte and acid-base imbalances refer to any abnormalities in the quantity, composition, or distribution of body fluids, electrolytes, and pH levels, caused by various factors, leading to physiological dysfunction. Key symptoms include changes in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric systems.
View detailsHypoparathyroidism
The parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid gland in the neck, and their main function is to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). The primary role of PTH is to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, leading to an increase in blood calcium levels and a decrease in blood phosphorus levels. Hypoparathyroidism, or hypopara, is a condition characterized by insufficient secretion or ineffective action of parathyroid hormone, resulting in a decrease in blood calcium concentration and a subsequent array of symptoms.
View detailsCushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a general term for a group of disorders caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) by the adrenal glands due to various etiologies. This disease is common in people aged 20-45, with a higher incidence in females than males. The main symptoms include central obesity, moon face, weight gain, purple striae on the skin, hypertension, irritability, and abnormal sex hormone levels.
Adrenal gland diseases
A public condition summary is being prepared.
View detailsEndocrine diseases
A public condition summary is being prepared.
View detailsType 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is a form of diabetes caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. It predominantly affects children and adolescents but can occur at any age. Onset is typically characterized by the "three polys and one less" (polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss), or it may present directly as diabetic ketoacidosis. The etiology of type 1 diabetes is not yet fully understood. Diabetes caused by β-cell destruction due to a clear, identifiable reason is not classified as type 1 diabetes.
View detailsTurner syndrome
Turner syndrome, also known as gonadal dysgenesis, is a genetic disorder that affects only females and is caused by a gene mutation. It is typically caused by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome, making it the only monosomy syndrome compatible with human survival. The main symptoms include delayed growth and development in girls, short stature, and ovarian abnormalities. Other organ abnormalities may also occur, but intellectual development is usually normal.
View detailsGraves' ophthalmopathy
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) or Graves' orbitopathy, refers to orbital and local extraocular tissue lesions associated with hyperthyroidism. Although various thyroid diseases can theoretically cause eye conditions, Graves' disease is the predominant cause in clinical practice. The main manifestations include eyelid retraction, proptosis, restricted eye movement, diplopia, optic neuropathy, photophobia, eyelid lag, eyelid swelling, foreign body sensation, eye pain, tearing, blurred vision, decreased vision, or blindness. The specific causes of TAO are not yet clear, but it is currently believed that its occurrence is closely related to the following factors: Individuals with susceptible genes: There are differences in genetic susceptibility among the population. Smokers: Smoking is a clear risk factor that can cause or worsen thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Patients undergoing iodine-131 radiotherapy: Radioactive iodine-131 therapy can significantly increase the risk of developing thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
View detailsType 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, caused by various factors leading to relative insulin deficiency in the body, resulting in persistently elevated blood glucose levels. Since type 2 diabetes mostly occurs in adults (often after 35-40 years of age), it is also known as adult-onset diabetes. The typical symptoms of this disease are "three polys and one less," namely polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and emaciation or short-term weight loss. If blood glucose is not controlled for a long time, the high blood glucose environment in the body can lead to lesions in large blood vessels, microvessels, nerves, etc., subsequently harming organs such as the heart, kidneys, and eyes.
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