Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Multiple system atrophy
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in adulthood, primarily affecting the autonomic nervous system, striatonigral system, and olivopontocerebellar system. Onset typically occurs after the age of 30, usually between 50 and 60 years old.
View detailsMuscle atrophy
Muscle atrophy refers to a condition where muscle fibers become thinner and muscle volume decreases due to various causes, leading to reduced muscle strength. It can be classified into neurogenic muscle atrophy, myogenic muscle atrophy, disuse muscle atrophy, and other types of muscle atrophy. Neurogenic and myogenic types are more common. Patients primarily present with reduced muscle volume, muscle weakness, and weight loss. Reduced muscle volume For example, thinning of the limbs; square shoulders due to deltoid atrophy; and thinning and flattening of the palms with prominent bone contours due to hand muscle atrophy. Decreased muscle strength Calf muscle atrophy mainly manifests as difficulty squatting and standing; if it is atrophy of small muscles, it first presents as impaired fine motor skills, such as difficulty writing due to interosseous muscle atrophy in the hand. Craniofacial muscle atrophy mainly presents as difficulty chewing, choking during swallowing, and difficulty extending the tongue; atrophy of the neck and proximal limb muscles mainly presents as difficulty lifting the head, prominent scapulae, and difficulty lifting the limbs. Weight loss When muscle volume significantly decreases, noticeable weight loss will occur.
Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid artery stenosis is characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, primarily composed of cholesterol and other substances, within the lumen of the carotid artery. It commonly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals. Symptoms include amaurosis fugax, slurred speech, clumsiness or hemiplegia of limbs, limb numbness, dizziness, and coma.
View detailsAutonomic Nervous System Dysfunction
Dysautonomia, also known as autonomic neuropathy. The autonomic nervous system consists of two major systems: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. It primarily controls myocardial activity, smooth muscle activity, visceral activity, and glandular secretion. Under normal circumstances, when one of these two nervous systems plays a positive role, the other plays a negative role, maintaining a good balance, coordination, and control of the body's physiological activities. Dysautonomia occurs when the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is disrupted, leading to clinical symptoms involving multiple systems throughout the body. The symptoms of this disease are numerous and atypical. The main symptoms include orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, abdominal distension, and excessive sweating.
View detailsAtaxia
The maintenance of human posture and movements controlled by the brain (medically known as "voluntary movements") are closely related to certain organs, such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and vestibular organs. Damage to these organs or systems can lead to symptoms or signs such as uncoordinated body movements, inability to perform movements requiring multi-sensory coordination, abnormal speech, and difficulty swallowing, which is known as ataxia. The main symptoms include uncoordinated body movements, difficulty with fine motor skills like eating, writing, and dressing, abnormal speech, nystagmus (uncontrolled, repetitive eye movements), and dysphagia.
View detailsNeurasthenia
Neurasthenia refers to a condition caused by prolonged tension and stress, characterized by chronic sleep disturbances, mental excitability, and mental fatigue. It is often accompanied by emotional distress, irritability, and muscle tension pain. It is more common in young and middle-aged adults, especially those engaged in mental labor.
View detailsBrain atrophy
Brain atrophy refers to the reduction in the volume of brain tissue compared to normal. It is an imaging finding that can occur due to natural aging in older adults or be caused by trauma or disease. The main symptoms depend on which area of the brain is affected and may include dementia, seizures, difficulty speaking, and difficulty understanding language.
View detailsNeuritis
Neuritis, also known as peripheral neuropathy, refers to the inflammation, degeneration, or deterioration of peripheral nerves or nerve groups due to various causes. The symptoms of this disease vary depending on the cause, mainly including burning or painful numbness in the fingertips or toes, unsteady standing, soreness and numbness in the ankles, cold and pale skin in the extremities, flushing, or mild cyanosis.
View detailsCentral nervous system demyelinating diseases
Myelin is a structure that surrounds nerve axons, providing nutrition, support, protection, and assisting in nerve conduction. It is widely present in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Central nervous system demyelinating diseases refer to a series of diseases in which the myelin structure in the brain and spinal cord is destroyed due to various factors, forming demyelinating pathological changes, which in turn cause various symptoms and signs of central nervous system dysfunction. Central nervous system demyelinating diseases mainly include: Multiple Sclerosis (MS): The most common demyelinating disease. It is an autoimmune disease that can affect the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Women are more susceptible to this disease. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Most common in children, it is an acute-onset demyelinating disease with widespread inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. It can sometimes also affect the optic nerves (which can make the eyes controlled by the brain). Transverse Myelitis: A spinal cord disease that can cause systemic symptoms. The symptoms mainly depend on the spinal cord segments where myelin is missing. It mainly affects children and adults, with women being more common than men. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD): Demyelinating lesions affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is more common in young and middle-aged women. Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type I-associated Myelopathy: A disease caused by Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I). It is more common in people living near the equator. Balo's Disease (Concentric Sclerosis): Some doctors consider Balo's disease a rare form of multiple sclerosis. It is more common in Asians and Filipinos, with a higher incidence in adults than in children. Schilder's Disease: A rare disease characterized by the gradual disappearance of myelin in the brain and spinal cord. It is more common in boys aged 7 to 12. Most diseases in this group primarily affect young and middle-aged adults, with a higher prevalence in women. However, MOGAD and ADEM have a higher incidence in children, and the gender difference is not significant.
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