Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis refers to a mixed infection caused by an imbalance of normal flora in the vagina. Typical manifestations include increased and thin vaginal discharge, which may be accompanied by a fishy odor. Its incidence rate is 10% to 30%, making it the most common type of vaginitis in women aged 15 to 45.
View detailsAbnormal delivery
Abnormal labor refers to a delivery process where the mother's labor is obstructed, making it difficult for the fetus to pass through the birth canal. Its main characteristic is slow or prolonged labor progression. Common symptoms include premature rupture of membranes, maternal restlessness, physical exhaustion, reduced food intake, sometimes accompanied by signs of dehydration such as dry mouth, chapped lips, and loss of skin elasticity.
View detailsScarred uterus
A scarred uterus, also known as a uterine scar, refers to the formation of scars in the endometrium, myometrium, and serosa of the uterus due to various reasons. Uterine scars can appear in different parts of the uterus, such as the cervix, cervical canal, uterine cavity, uterine body (isthmus, cornua, anterior wall, posterior wall, lateral wall), and uterine serosal surface. This condition is most common in women who have undergone a cesarean section. Additionally, women who have had gynecological surgeries such as myomectomy, uterine perforation or rupture repair, hysteroplasty, or D&C are also prone to developing a scarred uterus. Depending on the location of the scar, the clinical manifestations vary. Endometrial and intrauterine scars can lead to reduced menstrual flow, amenorrhea, and infertility. Scars in the uterine body can result in uterine diverticulum, prolonged menstrual bleeding, and risks such as scar pregnancy, placenta accreta, and uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies.
Ovarian teratoma
Ovarian teratoma is a tumor originating from primitive germ cells. According to the degree of tissue differentiation, it can be divided into mature (benign) teratoma and immature (malignant) teratoma. This disease is common in middle-aged and young people. Malignant teratomas are more common in adolescents. In the early stages, there are often no obvious clinical symptoms, especially mature teratomas, which may never show any symptoms. As the tumor gradually grows, a mass may be found in the abdominal cavity, and symptoms such as difficulty urinating or defecating, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain may appear due to compression of surrounding tissues and organs.
View detailsVaginal cancer
Vaginal cancer is a malignant lesion formed by the uncontrolled proliferation of mutated cancer cells within the vagina, commonly seen in elderly and postmenopausal women. Typical symptoms include abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with approximately 78% of vaginal cancers. Based on the type of cancer cells, it can be classified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, melanoma, and botryoid sarcoma.
View detailsCervical insufficiency
Cervical insufficiency refers to the pathological dilation and relaxation of the cervix due to a reduced amount of fibrous tissue, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle in the cervix, or a rupture of fibrous tissue in the internal cervical os, leading to a weakened sphincter function of the isthmus. This condition is common in individuals with a history of cervical surgery, or a history of recurrent miscarriage or preterm birth suspected to be caused by cervical insufficiency. The main symptom is recurrent miscarriages occurring at the same gestational age, without obvious signs of impending miscarriage, and the fetus is suddenly expelled intact.
View detailsComplications of labor and delivery
Intrapartum complications include premature rupture of membranes, uterine rupture, amniotic fluid embolism, postpartum hemorrhage, umbilical cord prolapse, and fetal distress. If a cesarean section is performed, other potential complications include injury to surrounding organs (bladder, kidneys, ureters, intestines), placental abruption, incision infection, thromboembolic diseases (pulmonary embolism), intestinal adhesions, intestinal obstruction, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and scar pregnancy. The main intrapartum complications include the following four: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM): Spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes before the onset of labor, which can be classified as term PROM or preterm PROM. Uterine rupture: A tear in the uterine body or lower uterine segment during labor or pregnancy, which is a severe obstetric complication threatening the lives of both mother and baby. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE): During labor, amniotic fluid and its contents enter the mother's bloodstream, leading to pulmonary embolism, shock, coagulopathy, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. It is a rare and extremely severe obstetric complication. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): Blood loss exceeding 500 ml within 24 hours after vaginal delivery, or blood loss exceeding 1000 ml after cesarean section.
View detailsChocolate cyst
Chocolate cysts, also known as ovarian endometriomas, are cysts formed by ectopic endometrial tissue growing within the ovary. This tissue bleeds with each menstrual cycle, leading to the accumulation of old blood within the cyst. The cyst contents are typically coffee-colored, thick, and paste-like, resembling chocolate, hence the common name "ovarian chocolate cyst." They are most common in women of reproductive age between 25 and 45 years, with an incidence rate of 10% to 15%. In recent years, the incidence has shown a significant upward trend.
View detailsVulvar diseases
A public condition summary is being prepared.
View details