Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Germinoma
Germinoma is a type of germ cell tumor, originating from germ cells and occurring in the central nervous system. It is relatively rare. The main clinical symptoms include polydipsia and polyuria. This disease is more common in children, with a significantly higher incidence in male children than in female children.
View detailsLymphoma
Lymphoma is a malignant tumor originating from lymph nodes and lymphatic tissues, and can occur in any part of the body. Lymphoma is usually characterized by painless, progressive lymphadenopathy. It can also invade extranodal organs such as the nasopharynx, gastrointestinal tract, bones, and skin, causing damage to the corresponding organs, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats. According to pathological characteristics, lymphoma is mainly divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): The initial symptom is often lymphadenopathy, and the progression is relatively slow. This type of lymphoma responds well to treatment, and most patients can be cured after standardized treatment. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): Often involves extranodal lesions and progresses rapidly, except for indolent lymphomas. The most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in China is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
View detailsPleural mesothelioma
Pleural mesothelioma is a rare primary pleural tumor that can originate from the visceral pleura, parietal pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. It is generally divided into two types: localized and diffuse. Localized mesothelioma is mostly benign, while diffuse mesothelioma is mostly malignant.
Small cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer is a special type of lung cancer, belonging to a highly malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Tumor cells have a fast doubling time and are prone to aggressive development and distant metastasis. This disease is common in smokers. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of this disease. The main symptoms in the later stage include cough, sputum, chest pain, fever, chest tightness, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, fatigue, and weight loss.
View detailsPiriform sinus fistula
The piriform sinus is an important structure in the hypopharynx, serving as the entrance for food into the esophagus. It is located on both sides of the laryngeal inlet in the hypopharynx, with one on each side. Piriform sinus fistula is a type of congenital branchial anomaly, belonging to a rare type of branchial cysts and fistulas in the neck. The fistula originates from the piriform sinus and terminates at the superior pole of the thyroid gland or behind the sternoclavicular joint, forming an internal fistula, often leading to recurrent purulent infections in the neck. Approximately 80% of cases occur during childhood. The main symptoms include recurrent neck infections or acute suppurative thyroiditis.
View detailsPeritoneal tumors
Peritoneal tumors are neoplasms that originate in the peritoneum. They can be classified into primary and secondary types. Primary peritoneal tumors are rare, while secondary tumors are more common, primarily arising from malignant tumors of intra-abdominal and pelvic organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver, and uterus. Common manifestations of peritoneal tumors include abdominal pain, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, abdominal mass, and ascites.
View detailsRetroperitoneal tumor
Retroperitoneal tumors primarily include primary retroperitoneal tumors originating from the potential retroperitoneal space and secondary retroperitoneal tumors metastasizing from other sites. Clinically, retroperitoneal tumors usually refer to primary retroperitoneal tumors. Retroperitoneal tumors are mostly soft tissue tumors, including benign retroperitoneal tumors, borderline retroperitoneal tumors, and malignant retroperitoneal tumors, with malignant cases accounting for over 80%. Retroperitoneal tumors typically have no obvious symptoms in the early stages. In later stages, they can cause pain, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms due to compression of various organs.
View detailsNeuroendocrine tumor
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells, capable of producing bioactive amines and/or polypeptide hormones. They can occur in various organs and tissues throughout the body, ranging from indolent, slow-growing benign tumors to low-grade malignant tumors, and highly metastatic, significantly malignant tumors. They are a general term for a broad category of tumors.
View detailsCarcinoma of cardia
The cardia is located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach. Cardia cancer, also known as esophagogastric junction cancer, is a cancer that occurs at this site. Data from both domestic and international sources indicate that the incidence of cardia cancer is increasing year by year, with more male patients than female patients. In its early stages, this disease has no obvious symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as upper abdominal discomfort or difficulty swallowing, hematemesis, or melena may appear.
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