Ophthalmology - Page 22

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Strabismus

Strabismus refers to a condition where both eyes cannot simultaneously focus on a single target; one eye focuses while the other deviates to one side of the target. Normally, the muscles attached to both eyes work together to move the eyes in the same direction. However, strabismus occurs when various neuromuscular disorders lead to uncoordinated eye movements. Based on the presence or absence of ocular motility disorders, strabismus can be classified into: Comitant strabismus: There is no organic disease in the neuromuscular system controlling eye movements, and eye movements in all directions are unimpaired. However, the eyes are misaligned, and both eyes cannot simultaneously fixate on the same object. When looking in various directions (up, down, left, right), the angle of deviation of the affected eye remains constant. Incomitant strabismus: Ocular motility is restricted to varying degrees, and the angle of deviation changes with the direction of gaze and also with the change of the fixating eye.

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Keratitis

The cornea is a transparent, round, and spherical protruding tissue at the front of the eye, covering the pupil and iris. Keratitis refers to the inflammatory response of corneal tissue caused by various pathogenic factors, often presenting as eye pain, photophobia, tearing, and blepharospasm, which may be accompanied by varying degrees of vision loss.

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Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by various factors. The conjunctiva is a transparent membrane-like tissue that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the white part of the eyeball. Normally, the conjunctiva is white and transparent, making it difficult to discern with the naked eye. When the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they dilate and become red, making them more visible to the naked eye.

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Retinal detachment

The retina is a very thin layer of nerve tissue at the back of the eye. If part or all of the retina detaches from its normal position, it is called retinal detachment. The common cause of retinal detachment is a retinal tear or hole, which allows part or all of the retina to detach from its normal position. Before retinal detachment occurs, visual illusions such as floaters or abnormal light flashes in the field of vision often appear. When retinal detachment occurs, visual function will be affected, leading to visual field defects or even loss of vision.

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Ocular trauma

A public condition summary is being prepared.

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Fundus diseases

A public condition summary is being prepared.

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Myopia

Myopia is a type of refractive error. When the eye is in a relaxed state of accommodation, parallel light rays from external objects enter the eye, and if their focal point falls precisely on the retina, a clear image is formed, which is called emmetropia. If the focal point does not fall on the retina, it is called ametropia, or refractive error. Myopia is when the focal point falls in front of the retina, resulting in blurred vision for distant objects while near objects appear relatively clear. When symptoms of myopia appear, an ophthalmologist will perform an eye exam and use "myopia degree" to indicate the severity of myopia, with higher degrees indicating greater severity. Mild myopia: ≤300 degrees (≤-3.00 D). Moderate myopia: 300 to 600 degrees (-3.00 D to -6.00 D). High myopia: >600 degrees (>-6.00 D).

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Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a disease characterized by progressive optic nerve atrophy, visual field defects, and vision loss, caused by intraocular pressure exceeding the tolerance limit of the intraocular tissues, especially the optic nerve. This disease is an irreversible blinding eye disease and can be divided into primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma. Primary glaucoma can be further divided into primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma.

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Cataract

Cataract is a visual impairment caused by the opacification of the lens. The lens is an important structure in the eye. A normal lens is transparent, allowing light to pass through it and enter the eye, enabling clear vision. However, when the lens becomes cloudy due to aging or other reasons, light has difficulty entering the eye, leading to decreased vision. This condition is known as cataract. Cataracts primarily affect the elderly and can ultimately lead to blindness.

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