Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Premature infant
Premature infants are newborns delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. Their organs are immature, and the younger the gestational age at birth and the lower the birth weight, the more susceptible they are to other diseases and the poorer their prognosis. Prematurity is a significant cause of neonatal mortality.
View detailsPhysical examination
A physical examination, or health check-up, is a medical assessment of an individual's body using medical means and methods. Through a physical examination, one can understand their health status, detect some imperceptible early-stage diseases for early diagnosis and treatment, thereby achieving preventive and health-preserving goals. Physical examination items are not uniform. The selection of examination items should be comprehensively determined based on gender, age, marital status, smoking history, family history, and past medical conditions. All adults should have an annual physical examination. Recommended examination items for different age groups are as follows: Ages 18-29 This is generally the period of optimal health. During a physical examination, some basic items can be performed, including: BMI, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, urinary system ultrasound, thyroid ultrasound, breast ultrasound (for women), complete blood count, urinalysis, liver function tests, kidney function tests, and fasting blood glucose. For married women, a transvaginal ultrasound should be added, and cervical cytology screening should be performed every 3 years starting from age 21. If there is a history of smoking or a family history of lung cancer, a chest X-ray should be replaced with a low-dose lung CT. Ages 30-39 Many people begin to experience overweight, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and the early signs of metabolic syndrome. Lung cancer screening should also begin. Recommended examination items include: BMI, blood pressure, low-dose lung CT, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, urinary system ultrasound, thyroid ultrasound, breast ultrasound (for women), complete blood count, urinalysis, liver function tests, kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, five thyroid function tests, homocysteine, and uric acid. For married women, a transvaginal ultrasound, cervical cytology screening, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing should be added (if the initial test is negative, retest every 3 years). Ages 40-49 The incidence of various cancers begins to increase, and cancer screening should begin, focusing on lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer. Recommended examination items include: BMI, blood pressure, low-dose lung CT, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, urinary system ultrasound, thyroid ultrasound, mammography (for women), painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy (if the initial test is negative, retest every 5 years), complete blood count, urinalysis, liver function tests, kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood lipids, five thyroid function tests, homocysteine, uric acid, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. For married women, a transvaginal ultrasound, cervical cytology screening, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing should be added (if the initial test is negative, retest every 3 years). Ages 50-59 The incidence of prostate cancer increases in men, and women enter menopause. Recommended examination items include: BMI, blood pressure, low-dose lung CT, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, urinary system ultrasound, thyroid ultrasound, mammography (for women), painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy (if the initial test is negative, retest every 5 years), bone density, complete blood count, urinalysis, liver function tests, kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood lipids, five thyroid function tests, homocysteine, uric acid, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostate-specific antigen. For married women, a transvaginal ultrasound, cervical cytology screening, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing should be added (if the initial test is negative, retest every 3 years). Ages 60-69 Screening for cerebrovascular diseases should be added. Recommended examination items include: BMI, blood pressure, low-dose lung CT, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, urinary system ultrasound, thyroid ultrasound, carotid artery ultrasound, brain MRI (every 3 years), mammography (for women), painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy (if the initial test is negative, retest every 5 years), bone density, complete blood count, urinalysis, liver function tests, kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood lipids, five thyroid function tests, homocysteine, uric acid, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostate-specific antigen. For married women, a transvaginal ultrasound, cervical cytology screening, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing should be added (if the initial test is negative, retest every 3 years; screening can be stopped at age 65 if previous screenings were negative). Ages 70-79 The overall incidence of tumors in this age group is slightly reduced compared to previous age groups, and physical examination items can be appropriately reduced. Recommended examination items include: blood pressure, low-dose lung CT, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, urinary system ultrasound, carotid artery ultrasound, brain MRI (every 3 years), breast ultrasound, bone density, complete blood count, urinalysis, liver function tests, kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood lipids, five thyroid function tests, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and prostate-specific antigen. For women, a transvaginal ultrasound and cervical cytology screening should be added. Ages 80 and above It is recommended to conduct targeted regular examinations based on physical condition and personal wishes, referring to previous examination results.
Croup
Croup is a general term for a set of symptoms that may occur when the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are affected by various etiologies. It is characterized by a barking cough (the cough sounds like a "seal's bark"), hoarseness, inspiratory stridor (a high-pitched, loud, squeaking sound made by the airway during inspiration), and varying degrees of respiratory distress. Some patients may also experience fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. Croup is associated with airway obstruction, and the main cause is viral infection, most commonly parainfluenza virus. Bacterial infection is also a common cause of croup. Clinically, it can be divided into viral croup and spasmodic croup.
View detailsMucopolysaccharidosis
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), also known as mucopolysaccharide storage disease, is a condition caused by the deficiency of enzymes required to degrade mucopolysaccharides (also known as glycosaminoglycans). This leads to the accumulation of partially degraded mucopolysaccharide fragments within lysosomes, resulting in various disease manifestations. This disease can affect the entire body, primarily presenting with abnormalities in soft tissues, bones, internal organs, and the central nervous system.
View detailsBronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a disease caused by impaired development of the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, and lungs), primarily characterized by difficulty breathing and recurrent infections after birth. Children with this condition may experience symptoms such as dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis of the lips, and tachypnea. In severe cases, apnea may occur.
View detailsInfantile choreoathetosis
Infantile athetosis refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by slow, writhing, purposeless, continuous involuntary movements of the infant's fingers, toes, tongue, or other body parts, typically caused by damage to the brain's striatum. In most cases, infantile athetosis cannot be completely cured and becomes a long-term chronic condition.
View detailsThymic hypoplasia
Thymic hypoplasia, also known clinically as congenital thymic aplasia, is an autosomal dominant or recessive inherited disease. Since the thymus is an immune organ, thymic hypoplasia leads to abnormal immune function, and patients may experience recurrent viral or fungal infections.
View detailsPediatric connective tissue disease
Connective tissue diseases are a group of disorders characterized by inflammation, edema, proliferation, and degeneration of connective tissues, leading to symptoms such as joint and muscle pain or stiffness. In recent years, they have also been broadly referred to as rheumatic diseases. Those occurring in childhood include rheumatic fever, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis syndromes (such as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, and infantile polyarteritis), dermatomyositis, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease.
View detailsPediatric renal tubular acidosis
Pediatric renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a group of renal tubular dysfunction disorders characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of acidic substances or the loss of bicarbonate. It is primarily characterized by decreased arterial blood pH and bicarbonate, hyperchloremia, and a normal anion gap. This disease has a higher incidence in females, and symptoms are often atypical, including slow growth and development, rickets, polydipsia, and polyuria. Once diagnosed, long-term treatment, possibly lifelong, is required.
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