Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Acute leukemia in children
Pediatric acute leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem cells. At onset, abnormal primitive and immature cells (leukemic cells) proliferate extensively in the bone marrow, inhibiting normal hematopoiesis and widely infiltrating various organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Patients often present with symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and fever.
View detailsHemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is a general term for a group of diseases characterized by shortened red blood cell lifespan and increased destruction due to intrinsic red blood cell defects and extrinsic factors. Although bone marrow hematopoiesis is compensatorily enhanced, it is insufficient to compensate for red blood cell destruction, ultimately leading to anemia. It can be divided into the following two types: Acute hemolytic anemia: Mostly intravascular hemolysis, with an acute onset, which can lead to severe systemic symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, widespread aches and pains, hematuria, and jaundice. If not treated promptly, it can cause severe harm, leading to organ failure, shock, and even death. Chronic hemolytic anemia: Mostly extravascular hemolysis, with gradual onset of ischemic and hypoxic symptoms. If not effectively treated for a long time, it can severely damage the normal structure and function of the liver, spleen, and bones, and cause gallstones.
View detailsMyelofibrosis
Myelofibrosis, abbreviated as MF, is a myeloproliferative neoplasm. It is characterized by the replacement of normal hematopoietic tissue with proliferative fibrous tissue due to known or unknown causes, leading to abnormal bone marrow hematopoiesis and a series of clinical symptoms.
View detailsIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been renamed "primary immune thrombocytopenia." It is a hemorrhagic disease caused by abnormal autoimmune function, primarily characterized by thrombocytopenia. Patients may present with skin purpura and mucosal bleeding, or they may have no signs of bleeding.
View detailsChildhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis, abbreviated as LCH, was formerly known as histiocytosis-X, Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and diffuse reticuloendothelial proliferation, but these names are now obsolete. The medical term "eosinophilic granuloma" is sometimes used to describe the pathology of individual lesions, particularly isolated osteolytic lesions. This is a very rare disease in which various tissues and organs of the body are infiltrated by dendritic cells called "histiocytes" after onset, leading to impaired function of these organs. The most commonly infiltrated organ is the bone, manifesting as osteolytic bone disease. In addition, the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, thymus, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and central nervous system can also be infiltrated by histiocytes, leading to dysfunction. This disease can occur at any age but is most common in children aged 1 to 3 years.
View detailsChronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of leukemia characterized by a problem in the replication mechanism of lymphocytes, leading to the uncontrolled production of a large number of abnormal lymphocytes. These abnormal cells interfere with the production of other normal blood cells, resulting in a range of symptoms.
View detailsIron deficiency anemia
Iron is involved in the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which transports oxygen. Iron deficiency anemia is a type of anemia caused by a lack of iron in the body, leading to reduced hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. It is the most common type of anemia. This condition is common in women, children, vegetarians, and frequent blood donors. Mild iron deficiency anemia may not show obvious symptoms, but severe cases can lead to fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, difficulty concentrating, and irritability.
View detailsHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), also known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is a hyperinflammatory response syndrome caused by genetic or acquired immune dysregulation. Based on the etiology, HPS can be divided into two main categories: Primary (familial) hemophagocytic syndrome (FHPS): More common in neonates. It is a genetic disorder, and patients often carry HPS-related gene defects, diagnosed by genetic testing. Secondary (reactive) hemophagocytic syndrome (SHPS): More common in adults, but can also occur in children. It is often associated with underlying diseases such as infections, tumors, or rheumatic conditions, which trigger immune system activation, ultimately leading to a series of reactive diseases. If currently known HPS-related genes are not detected, but the primary disease is also unclear, it is also classified as secondary HPS. The main symptoms include persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and the presence of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymph node tissues.
View detailsHemophilia
Hemophilia is a group of inherited bleeding disorders characterized by severe coagulation dysfunction, caused by congenital deficiency of clotting factors. Due to insufficient clotting factors in the patient's body, blood cannot clot normally at the site of vascular injury, leading to persistent bleeding and a series of symptoms. Based on the type of deficient clotting factor, it can be divided into hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) and hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency).
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