Public condition directory
Browse public condition summaries from China medical resources by stable specialty category.
Neck mass
A neck mass primarily refers to an abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck or an abnormal lump that appears in the neck. It is not a disease itself but a common sign caused by various underlying conditions, which may or may not be accompanied by pain. Common causes of neck masses include congenital diseases, inflammatory masses, and tumors.
View detailsSynovitis
The synovium is a membranous tissue that surrounds the joint. It secretes synovial fluid, which reduces friction between joint surfaces, prevents adhesion, provides nutrients to articular cartilage, and removes waste products. Synovitis is a joint disease characterized by an imbalance in fluid secretion and absorption, leading to effusion, after the synovium becomes inflamed due to irritation. It can occur in various joints throughout the body, but is most common in the knee joint. Acute synovitis is more prevalent in young athletes and individuals with a history of significant trauma, while chronic synovitis is more common in middle-aged and elderly individuals, those with excessive knee joint burden, and obese individuals. Key symptoms include joint swelling and pain, weakness, localized tenderness, difficulty with extension and flexion, and impaired mobility.
View detailsOsteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is a non-inflammatory condition affecting articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage. Common sites of involvement include the femoral head, tibial tuberosity, tarsal navicular bone, carpal lunate bone, and calcaneal apophysis. It primarily affects adolescents, presenting mainly with joint swelling and pain.
Limb lengthening
A public condition summary is being prepared.
View detailsEosinophilic granuloma of bone
Eosinophilic granuloma of bone, also known as localized Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone, is a histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown etiology, localized to the bone. It commonly affects children and adolescents, and is mostly solitary, but can also be multifocal. This disease can occur in any bone, but the most common sites are the skull, spine, scapula, and pelvis. The affected bone tissue contains histiocytes and eosinophils.
View detailsCerebral hypoplasia
Cerebral malformation refers to abnormal development of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and other brain structures due to various factors, including cranioschisis, porencephaly, anencephaly, meningocele, lissencephaly, arachnoid cysts, corpus callosum dysgenesis, Dandy-Walker malformation, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis vary depending on the etiology and location of the cerebral malformation.
View detailsNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to brain damage caused by perinatal asphyxia (generally from the 28th week of gestation to 7 days after birth), manifesting as a series of encephalopathy symptoms. Some affected children may experience varying degrees of neurological sequelae.
View detailsExtrapyramidal diseases
Extrapyramidal diseases, also known as movement disorders, refer to impaired regulation of body movements during voluntary actions. They primarily manifest in two ways: one is hypokinesia due to increased muscle tone, characterized by poverty of movement (e.g., Parkinson's disease); the other is hyperkinesia due to decreased muscle tone (e.g., chorea). Symptoms vary among patients with different etiologies. For conditions primarily characterized by hypokinesia, the most common symptoms are limb tremor, limb rigidity, and abnormal gait. For conditions primarily characterized by hyperkinesia, the most common symptoms are dance-like involuntary movements and decreased muscle tone.
View detailsCerebral palsy in children
Cerebral palsy in children refers to functional impairments caused by brain damage during brain development from before birth to one month after birth. It is primarily characterized by abnormalities in movement and posture, and may also be accompanied by intellectual disability, epilepsy, sensory and perceptual disorders, language disorders, and mental and behavioral abnormalities.
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